![]() Description īoth species are relatively small, and comparable in size to living Sumatran and Javan rhinoceros, with shoulder heights of 123–131 centimetres (4.04–4.30 ft), with Nesorhinus hayasaki being somewhat larger than N. It is known remains found in Taiwan dating to the Early and Middle Pleistocene. sinensis hayasakai by Otsuka & Lin in 1984, named in honour of Ichiro Hayasaka. In 1972, the team was joined by Japanese paleontologists Tokio Shikama and Hiroyuki Otsuka for the second excavation, and the remaining limb bones were excavated. Chao-Chi Lin, Chang-Wu Pan, and Chun-Mu Chen (a well-known fossil collector from Zuojhen) to conduct the first excavation in Zuojhen to excavate rhinoceros fossils including teeth and limb bones, but some limb bones were still preserved in the original stratum. In December 1971, a team was formed by Taiwan Provincial Museum, including Prof. Chao-Chi Lin of National Taiwan University. Pan and Chen investigated where the rhinoceros teeth were found and speculated that the fossils had been washed out of the mudrock layer along the riverbed, and that there might be remaining rhinoceros fossils in the rock layer. In 1971, when the fossil collector Chang-Wu Pan visited Zuojhen, he received several fossilized rhinoceros teeth from a local elementary school student, Shih-Ching Chen, who had found them in the riverbed of Cailiao River. In 1942, Hayasaka pointed out that in addition to Daxi, there were other sites like Dakeng (present-day Dakeng, Beitun District, Taichung City), Zuojhenzhuang (present-day Zuojhen District, Tainan City) and Qihou (present-day Qijin District, Kaohsiung City) are all suspected to have records of new fossil species of Rhinoceros. A few years later, Ichiro Hayasaka of Taihoku Imperial University also rediscovered a more complete mandible near the site of Sato's specimen. The earliest record of rhino fossils in Taiwan dates back to 1926, when Sato collected mandibular bone and molar from Neizha of Daxi Street (present-day Daxi District, Taoyuan City). It was declared the type species of the new genus Nesorhinus in 2021. While no bones from any hominin were reported from the site, over 50 stone tools found in context with the rhinoceros provided direct evidence for human activities at the site. The authors of the study found butchery marks on the bones of the ribs, metacarpals and both humeri suggesting that the rhino had been butchered by early humans or hominins. ![]() A 2018 study placed the date of the rhino fossil at around 709,000 years old (dating to the early Middle Pleistocene) after the rhino's tooth enamel was subjected to electron spin resonance dating. ![]() philippinensis was unearthed in Rizal, Kalinga along with 57 stone tools in 2014. The specimen had a length of 12.07 centimeters (4.75 in), width of 6.87 centimeters (2.70 in), and a thickness of 9.47 centimeters (3.73 in). The specimen was unearthed from an ash deposit produced by the volcano called the Guadalupe Formation. These bones were lost and he did not provide for a holotype. Nesorhinus philippinensis was first described by Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald in 1956 as Rhinoceros philippinensis based on fossil teeth that were excavated in Cagayan province of Luzon island the Philippines in 1936. It contains two species, Nesorhinus philippinensis (formerly Rhinoceros philippinensis) from Luzon, Philippines and Nesorhinus hayasakai (formerly Rhinoceros sinensis hayasakai) from Taiwan. Nesorhinus is an extinct genus of rhinoceros from the Pleistocene of Asia.
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